Algeria: Between Domestic Resilience and Diplomatic Resolve – A Reading into the Algerian Exception Amidst a Turbulent Region
✍️ BY: Dr. Hassan Douadji Mohamed
Translated by: Dr. Hana Saada
Algiers – October 2025 – In an era where regimes collapse under the weight of unrest, and policies crumble before the tide of chaos, Algeria stands as an Arab and African exception, both intriguing and inspiring. Encircled by a volatile regional environment and targeted by multifaceted external conspiracies, Algeria has nonetheless managed not only to safeguard its stability but also to recast the equation of its internal strength and international stature.
A closer look at Algeria’s trajectory since the election of President Abdelmadjid Tebboune in December 2019 reveals that the country did not merely confront these conspiracies—it transformed them into opportunities to rebuild its social contract, restore trust between state and society, and consolidate its presence on both regional and global stages.
1. Domestic Reform: From a Crisis of Legitimacy to a New Social Contract
The election of President Tebboune marked a defining moment, occurring in a delicate political and social context in the aftermath of a nationwide popular movement that laid bare the Algerian people’s thirst for change. The new era was characterized by candor and transparency, which reshaped the relationship between the president and his people in ways unseen in previous decades.
Politically, Algeria broke the monopoly of corrupt money and clientelism over electoral processes. The gates were opened for youth to engage in political life on merit, away from favoritism. This restored a significant degree of credibility to elected institutions that had long been captured by narrow networks of private interests.
Economically, Algeria launched a new dynamic centered on encouraging youth entrepreneurship. Through legal frameworks, financial support, and institutional backing, young Algerians were empowered to establish micro-enterprises, turning economic initiative into a strategic choice aimed at dismantling dependency on destructive imports. This marked the beginning of a gradual transformation toward an economy grounded in local capacity and national creativity.
Socially, the “shadow zones,” which for decades symbolized neglect and marginalization, became a strategic priority of public policy. Urgent projects were rolled out to safeguard citizens’ dignity and ensure fairer distribution of development. The president did not hesitate to sanction officials who failed to address the needs of these areas, in a precedent that underscored the seriousness of the new direction.
2. Transparency and Candor: Breaking Down the Wall of Distrust
One of the hallmarks of this phase was direct communication between leadership and citizens. Algerians began to follow their president as he spoke candidly about prices, housing, education, transport, and even the seemingly mundane details of daily life that, in reality, shape the citizen’s existence.
This new approach dismantled the wall of distrust that had accumulated over years, neutralizing rumors and conspiracies that once thrived in the gap between state and society. The people came to recognize a leadership attentive to their everyday realities, rekindling confidence in the state-society bond.
3. Foreign Policy: Steadfast Principles and Tactical Flexibility
No discussion of the Algerian exception is complete without examining its foreign policy, which has proven to be a natural extension of the November Revolution and its liberationist doctrine.
Palestine: Re-centering the Compass
At a time when some regimes rushed blindly into normalization, Algeria’s stance was unequivocal: no compromise on Palestine. Through President Tebboune’s historic declarations and Algeria’s sponsorship of the Palestinian reconciliation that ended two decades of division, the Palestinian cause regained hope in unity while the Islamic world was reminded of its centrality.
The Arab Summit hosted in Algiers in November 2022 marked a turning point. For the first time in years, Arab states reunited under one roof, thanks to Algeria’s diplomatic efforts. Choosing November 1—the sacred date of the Algerian Revolution—to convene the summit was symbolic: the nation of revolutionaries does not abandon justice, nor does it forsake the sacred causes of the Ummah.
With the eruption of the genocidal war in Gaza, Algeria became the voice of conscience and justice at the UN Security Council. Its principled positions disrupted major powers and exposed the duplicity of hypocritical alliances, forcing some global actors to withdraw draft resolutions that once passed unchallenged. It was a masterclass in the diplomacy of principle.
Western Sahara: The Consistency of Self-Determination
Algeria has remained unwavering in its defense of the Sahrawi people’s right to self-determination. Despite smear campaigns and provocations from its “neighbor of ill will” and its allies, Algeria has stood firm, faithful to its revolutionary heritage and committed to defending oppressed peoples in every international forum.
4. Army and People: A Historic Bond as a Source of Strength
No conspiracy can succeed in Algeria so long as the People’s National Army—heir to the National Liberation Army—remains united with its people. This defensive doctrine is not mere rhetoric but a lived reality evident in every crisis.
Algerians have realized that their strength lies not only in resources or geography, but in the unbreakable bond between army and nation. This cohesion has granted Algeria rare immunity against infiltration, as domestic mercenaries and foreign-sponsored plots were crushed before they could take root.
The failed attempts to undermine sacred national institutions, above all the army, only reinforced Algeria’s uniqueness as a nation forged by its own revolution, woven by its people’s sacrifices, and crowned with sovereignty that is non-negotiable.
5. Societal Awareness: From Revolutionary Memory to Conscious Citizenship
This period has also served as a political school for Algerian youth. Societal awareness merged with leadership credibility to create internal resilience no less significant than military arsenals.
For a people who carry in their collective memory the sacrifices of one and a half million martyrs, the lesson is clear: external crises can only penetrate through internal weaknesses. Hence the policy, since 2020, of dismantling bureaucratic and political barriers became the first line of defense against conspiracies, explaining the renewed unity of Algerians around their state.
6. Future Challenges: Preserving the Algerian Exception
Yet, despite these achievements, a central question remains: how can Algeria preserve its exception in a rapidly changing world?
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By diversifying its economy and permanently escaping the rentier trap.
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By developing national and regional security mechanisms to counter transnational threats, particularly in the Sahel and Libya.
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By reinforcing multidimensional diplomacy and defending independent decision-making.
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And above all, by continuing to empower youth as the true strategic wealth of the nation.
Today, Algeria is not merely a state standing firm amidst a sea of chaos; it is a renewed national project, built on domestic candor and transparency, unwavering principles abroad, and the historic cohesion between its people and their army.
The Algerian experience has demonstrated that no conspiracy, however complex, can prevail against a conscious people, an honest leadership, and an army loyal to its revolutionary legacy. The Algerian exception is not a stroke of fortune—it is the fruit of a deep political vision and a firmly rooted historical experience.
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