The recently published Arabic translation of “Fifty Keys to Independence” by the late historian and sociologist Abdelmadjid Merdaci offers readers a unique opportunity to delve into the historical insights that shaped Algeria’ struggle for liberation. Spanning 161 pages, the work, published by “Hibr” editions and translated by Khalsa Goumazi, presents a collection of press articles that shed light on the independence movement, a political force advocating for Algeria’ self-determination in the early 20th century, notably led by the North African Star (ENA), a party that was banned and eventually dissolved due to its pro-independence stance.
Within the book, Merdaci recounts the pivotal moments that defined the fight for liberation through 50 historical accounts. He highlights the role played by Messali Hadj, the spokesperson and co-founder of the ENA in 1926, who staunchly defended Algeria’s legitimate claim to independence. According to the author, the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Freedoms (MTLD), the legitimate front of the Algerian People’s Party (PPA), also played a significant role in mobilizing support for armed resistance against French colonialism before the outbreak of the War of Liberation in 1954.
Merdaci’s work explores the “Group of 22,” a gathering of individuals, predominantly members of the Special Organization (OS), who convened in Algiers in June 1954 and unanimously affirmed the necessity of armed struggle. The author emphasizes that the outbreak of the armed conflict on November 1, 1954, signaled the culmination of a well-coordinated organization throughout the country, leading to a significant reshaping of the Algerian political landscape.
On an international level, the book highlights the participation of representatives from the National Liberation Front (FLN) in the Bandung Conference (April 18-24, 1955) held in Indonesia. This conference is considered a crucial precursor to the internationalization of Algeria’s national cause.
Additionally, Merdaci examines the offensive operations led by Zighoud Youcef on August 20, 1955, in northern Constantine. This milestone in the liberation journey breathed new life into the nascent Revolution and brought about a radical change in the nature of the conflict.
The Congress of Soummam, held in August 1956 in Ifri-Ouzellaguene (Béjaia) on another August 20, is also explored in the book. Merdaci deems this congress a decisive turning point on the path of the Revolution, as it laid the groundwork for a new organizational structure and the institutional foundations of an independent Algeria.
The book delves into various other themes related to the Revolution, including the establishment of the Federation of the FLN in France. According to the author, this creation was driven by the political necessity to lead the struggle on enemy soil.
Merdaci also addresses the atrocities committed by the colonial army, which employed torture as a tool of war against Algerians and even against Europeans suspected of supporting the national cause.
The author also examines the formation of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA), the governing body of the FLN responsible for leading negotiations that culminated in the signing of the Evian agreements. Merdaci delves into significant events such as the demonstrations of December 11, 1960, the massacres of October 17, 1961, in Paris, the Autonomous Zone of Algiers, and the Battle of Algiers.
Abdelmadjid Merdaci (1945-2020) was a renowned author who dedicated his research and writings to the history of Constantine, an ancient city with rich cultural heritage, and the National Liberation War. In addition to his scholarly works, Merdaci also made significant contributions to the national press, offering insights on culture and history.
Throughout his career, Merdaci produced several notable works that shed light on different aspects of Constantine’s history. “The dictionary of music and musicians of Constantine” stands as a comprehensive resource that documents the city’s musical traditions and the talented individuals who contributed to its vibrant music scene. Another significant work by Merdaci, “GPRA, a historical mandate (September 19, 1958-August 3, 1962),” delves into the history and significance of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic during the crucial period of the struggle for independence. “November 1954, from the insurrection to the war of independence” offers a comprehensive account of the events leading up to the Algerian War of Independence, capturing the spirit of resistance and liberation. Lastly, “Constantine, citadel of vertigo” explores the unique architectural and geographical features of Constantine, unraveling the mysteries of this mesmerizing city.
In a heartwarming gesture, the royalties from the French edition of “Constantine, citadel of vertigo” published in 2013 will be donated to an association dedicated to assisting individuals with specific needs. By contributing the income from his book, Merdaci posthumously demonstrates his commitment to making a positive impact on society, ensuring that those in need receive support and care through the efforts of the chosen association. Such a gesture exemplifies Merdaci’s dedication to the betterment of others and his desire to leave a lasting legacy that extends beyond his scholarly works.
