In Search of the “Jeem” – No. 19 by Dr. Mohammad Reza Zaeiri

✍️ By: Dr. Mohammad Reza ZAEIRI,

The Qur’anic Recitation of Warsh ʿan Nāfiʿ

I have often asked myself: how did the Algerian people succeed in defeating colonialism and expelling it forever, despite the most brutal forms of torture, repression, and criminal violence inflicted upon them? What was the hidden force behind the abject failure of the French occupier to subdue a people who endured one hundred and thirty-two years of oppression and arrogance?

The answer I reached after prolonged reflection and intellectual inquiry is this: faith in Allah is deeply rooted and profoundly ingrained in the Algerian soul—inseparably bound to the Holy Qur’an—alongside the pervasive religious atmosphere that envelops every corner of Algeria.

Despite relentless military, political, and cultural assaults, despite policies of annihilation waged against both land and people, and despite the destruction of mosques and schools, the Algerian people remained steadfast in their religious values and Islamic creed. The Holy Qur’an retained a living, active presence in the daily life of both the individual and the community.

Over long centuries, the zāwiyas (religious lodges) succeeded in embedding every surah, every verse, every word, and every letter of the Book of Allah into the very genetic memory passed down through Algerian generations. Thus, the Holy Qur’an became an immutable element of Algeria’s social fabric, while mosques—across all occasions—served as vital institutions for memorization, recitation, and the deep internalization of the Qur’an in the hearts and souls of Algerians.

The Algerian individual finds intimacy and solace in the Holy Qur’an, draws spiritual strength from it, and naturally invokes its verses in everyday conversation—so naturally, in fact, that one can sense this attachment almost instantly. The Algerian morning often begins with Qur’anic recitation in homes, shops, and workplaces, and it is not uncommon to find a copy of the Holy Qur’an and a prayer mat inside Algerian cars.

I was struck by this phenomenon and genuinely surprised the first time I witnessed a clown entertaining children at a horse farm festival, accompanied by music and lively melodies, casually citing a Qur’anic verse while addressing the audience. What surprised me most, perhaps, was my own background as a non-Arab Persian speaker, despite the many shared lexical roots between Persian and Arabic.

This scene repeated itself on several occasions, until I grew accustomed to hearing people quote Qur’anic verses in everyday speech—clear evidence of their deep familiarity with the Book of Allah and of the seamless fusion of divine revelation with earthly life.

The officially authorized Qur’anic text used in Algeria follows the recitation of Warsh ʿan Nāfiʿ, whereas I, as an Iranian, was accustomed to the recitation of Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim. Although the other six canonical recitations are also recognized—indeed, as the renowned Iranian poet and mystic Ḥāfiẓ of Shiraz once observed, “Love will come to your aid if, like me, you have memorized the Holy Qur’an in all seven readings”—and while alternative readings are occasionally taught in specialized schools or highlighted during Qur’anic celebrations, the most widely circulated and commonly read recitation remains Ḥafṣ, particularly through Qur’anic copies imported from Saudi Arabia during the pilgrimage season. These editions, which I deeply cherished, collected, and read regularly, shaped my personal engagement with the Qur’an.

When I arrived in Algeria and began reading the Holy Qur’an according to the Warsh recitation, I was transported back to the very first Holy Qur’an I had ever seen in this reading. I was still a child when my father traveled to Algeria for the first time, and upon his return—knowing my passion for culture and books—he brought me a precious gift: a beautifully crafted Qur’an written in what I later learned was expanded Maghrebi script, adorned with exquisite Andalusian illuminations in vivid, radiant colors.

At the time, I could never have imagined that forty years later I would find myself in Algeria as a representative of Iranian culture, witnessing on a daily basis the living presence of the Holy Qur’an in the ordinary, natural rhythm of Algerian life.

I praise Allah Almighty for this immense blessing—for my presence in this land of faith, and for living among sincere, genuinely devout, and kind-hearted people. As one of my colleagues at the embassy once remarked, some of our counterparts in the Iranian Foreign Ministry envy us, saying: “You work in a Muslim, friendly, resistant, and revolutionary country. You live in an atmosphere perfumed with the fragrance of the Holy Qur’an and illuminated by the light of faith. How fortunate you are—how we wish we were with you in Algeria.”

Endnotes

1. Hamshahri (in Persian: همشهری) is a major Iranian daily newspaper founded in 1990. The name means “fellow citizen” or “co-dweller” in Persian. It is the largest Persian-language newspaper in the world.

2. Jeem (ج) is the fifth letter of the Arabic alphabet and holds the phonetic value of the “j” sound in English. In this context, it symbolizes the moral and symbolic bridge between the author’s identity and his host country, Algeria.

3. Zaeiri (الزائري) is the author’s surname. When the letter “Jeem” (ج) is added, it becomes Jazaeiri (الجزائري), meaning “Algerian” in Arabic. This clever linguistic play underpins the philosophical theme of identity and belonging that permeates the text.

— 𝐄𝐍𝐃 —

📡🌍 | 𝓐𝓫𝓸𝓾𝓽 𝓓𝔃𝓪𝓲𝓻 𝓣𝓾𝓫𝓮 𝓜𝓮𝓭𝓲𝓪 𝓖𝓻𝓸𝓾𝓹 | 🌍📡
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📰 𝓓𝔃𝓪𝓲𝓻 𝓣𝓾𝓫𝓮 𝓲𝓼 𝓪 𝓽𝓻𝓪𝓲𝓵𝓫𝓵𝓪𝔃𝓮𝓻 𝓲𝓷 𝓐𝓵𝓰𝓮𝓻𝓲𝓪𝓷 𝓭𝓲𝓰𝓲𝓽𝓪𝓵 𝓳𝓸𝓾𝓻𝓷𝓪𝓵𝓲𝓼𝓶, 𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓲𝓿𝓮𝓻𝓲𝓷𝓰 𝓱𝓲𝓰𝓱-𝓺𝓾𝓪𝓵𝓲𝓽𝔂 𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓮𝓷𝓽 𝓲𝓷 𝓐𝓻𝓪𝓫𝓲𝓬, 𝓕𝓻𝓮𝓷𝓬𝓱, 𝓪𝓷𝓭 𝓔𝓷𝓰𝓵𝓲𝓼𝓱. 𝓦𝓲𝓽𝓱 𝓶𝓸𝓻𝓮 𝓽𝓱𝓪𝓷 📈 500,000 𝓭𝓪𝓲𝓵𝔂 𝓬𝓵𝓲𝓬𝓴𝓼, 𝓲𝓽 𝓻𝓪𝓷𝓴𝓼 𝓪𝓶𝓸𝓷𝓰 𝓽𝓱𝓮 𝓶𝓸𝓼𝓽 𝓲𝓷𝓯𝓵𝓾𝓮𝓷𝓽𝓲𝓪𝓵 𝓶𝓮𝓭𝓲𝓪 𝓹𝓵𝓪𝓽𝓯𝓸𝓻𝓶𝓼 𝓲𝓷 𝓽𝓱𝓮 𝓬𝓸𝓾𝓷𝓽𝓻𝔂.

🏆 𝓐𝔀𝓪𝓻𝓭𝓮𝓭 𝓽𝓱𝓮 𝓟𝓻𝓮𝓼𝓲𝓭𝓮𝓷𝓽 𝓸𝓯 𝓽𝓱𝓮 𝓡𝓮𝓹𝓾𝓫𝓵𝓲𝓬’𝓼 𝓟𝓻𝓲𝔃𝓮 𝓯𝓸𝓻 𝓟𝓻𝓸𝓯𝓮𝓼𝓼𝓲𝓸𝓷𝓪𝓵 𝓙𝓸𝓾𝓻𝓷𝓪𝓵𝓲𝓼𝓽 𝓲𝓷 𝓽𝓱𝓮 𝓔𝓵𝓮𝓬𝓽𝓻𝓸𝓷𝓲𝓬 𝓟𝓻𝓮𝓼𝓼 𝓬𝓪𝓽𝓮𝓰𝓸𝓻𝔂 (🗓 𝓞𝓬𝓽𝓸𝓫𝓮𝓻 22, 2022), 𝓓𝔃𝓪𝓲𝓻 𝓣𝓾𝓫𝓮 𝓲𝓼 𝔀𝓲𝓭𝓮𝓵𝔂 𝓻𝓮𝓬𝓸𝓰𝓷𝓲𝔃𝓮𝓭 𝓯𝓸𝓻 𝓲𝓽𝓼 𝓮𝓭𝓲𝓽𝓸𝓻𝓲𝓪𝓵 𝓮𝔁𝓬𝓮𝓵𝓵𝓮𝓷𝓬𝓮 𝓪𝓷𝓭 𝓲𝓷𝓽𝓮𝓰𝓻𝓲𝓽𝔂.

📱 𝓜𝓪𝓼𝓼𝓲𝓿𝓮 𝓓𝓲𝓰𝓲𝓽𝓪𝓵 𝓡𝓮𝓪𝓬𝓱:
🔴 600,000+ 𝓨𝓸𝓾𝓣𝓾𝓫𝓮 𝓼𝓾𝓫𝓼𝓬𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓮𝓻𝓼
🔵 6 𝓶𝓲𝓵𝓵𝓲𝓸𝓷+ 𝓯𝓸𝓵𝓵𝓸𝔀𝓮𝓻𝓼 𝓪𝓬𝓻𝓸𝓼𝓼 𝓕𝓪𝓬𝓮𝓫𝓸𝓸𝓴 𝓹𝓪𝓰𝓮𝓼
📸 70,000+ 𝓘𝓷𝓼𝓽𝓪𝓰𝓻𝓪𝓶 𝓯𝓸𝓵𝓵𝓸𝔀𝓮𝓻𝓼

🎥 𝓞𝓹𝓮𝓻𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓷𝓰 𝓯𝓻𝓸𝓶 𝓼𝓽𝓪𝓽𝓮-𝓸𝓯-𝓽𝓱𝓮-𝓪𝓻𝓽 𝓼𝓽𝓾𝓭𝓲𝓸𝓼, 𝓓𝔃𝓪𝓲𝓻 𝓣𝓾𝓫𝓮 𝓫𝓻𝓸𝓪𝓭𝓬𝓪𝓼𝓽𝓼 𝓻𝓲𝓬𝓱 𝓪𝓷𝓭 𝓭𝓲𝓿𝓮𝓻𝓼𝓮 𝓹𝓻𝓸𝓰𝓻𝓪𝓶𝓶𝓲𝓷𝓰, 𝓲𝓷𝓬𝓵𝓾𝓭𝓲𝓷𝓰:
🗞 𝓝𝓮𝔀𝓼 | ⚽ 𝓢𝓹𝓸𝓻𝓽𝓼 | 🎭 𝓔𝓷𝓽𝓮𝓻𝓽𝓪𝓲𝓷𝓶𝓮𝓷𝓽 | 🕌 𝓡𝓮𝓵𝓲𝓰𝓲𝓸𝓷 | 🎨 𝓒𝓾𝓵𝓽𝓾𝓻𝓮

🗣️ 𝓕𝓮𝓪𝓽𝓾𝓻𝓲𝓷𝓰 𝓲𝓷𝓽𝓮𝓻𝓪𝓬𝓽𝓲𝓿𝓮 𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴 𝓼𝓱𝓸𝔀𝓼 𝓪𝓷𝓭 𝓮𝔁𝓬𝓵𝓾𝓼𝓲𝓿𝓮 𝓲𝓷𝓽𝓮𝓻𝓿𝓲𝓮𝔀𝓼 𝔀𝓲𝓽𝓱 𝓹𝓻𝓸𝓶𝓲𝓷𝓮𝓷𝓽 𝓯𝓲𝓰𝓾𝓻𝓮𝓼 𝓯𝓻𝓸𝓶 𝓹𝓸𝓵𝓲𝓽𝓲𝓬𝓼, 𝓫𝓾𝓼𝓲𝓷𝓮𝓼𝓼, 𝓪𝓻𝓽𝓼, 𝓪𝓷𝓭 𝓶𝓸𝓻𝓮, 𝓓𝔃𝓪𝓲𝓻 𝓣𝓾𝓫𝓮 𝓼𝓮𝓻𝓿𝓮𝓼 𝓪𝓼 𝓪 𝓴𝓮𝔂 𝓹𝓵𝓪𝓽𝓯𝓸𝓻𝓶 𝓯𝓸𝓻 𝓹𝓾𝓫𝓵𝓲𝓬 𝓭𝓲𝓼𝓬𝓸𝓾𝓻𝓼𝓮 𝓪𝓷𝓭 𝓬𝓲𝓿𝓲𝓬 𝓮𝓷𝓰𝓪𝓰𝓮𝓶𝓮𝓷𝓽.

📰 𝓘𝓽𝓼 𝓹𝓻𝓲𝓷𝓽 𝓼𝓹𝓸𝓻𝓽𝓼 𝓭𝓪𝓲𝓵𝔂, “𝓓𝔃𝓪𝓲𝓻 𝓢𝓹𝓸𝓻𝓽,” 𝓮𝓷𝓳𝓸𝔂𝓼 𝓸𝓿𝓮𝓻 50,000 𝓭𝓪𝓲𝓵𝔂 𝓭𝓸𝔀𝓷𝓵𝓸𝓪𝓭𝓼 𝓿𝓲𝓪 𝓽𝓱𝓮 𝓸𝓯𝓯𝓲𝓬𝓲𝓪𝓵 𝔀𝓮𝓫𝓼𝓲𝓽𝓮—𝓯𝓾𝓻𝓽𝓱𝓮𝓻 𝓬𝓮𝓶𝓮𝓷𝓽𝓲𝓷𝓰 𝓽𝓱𝓮 𝓹𝓵𝓪𝓽𝓯𝓸𝓻𝓶’𝓼 𝓶𝓾𝓵𝓽𝓲𝓶𝓮𝓭𝓲𝓪 𝓵𝓮𝓪𝓭𝓮𝓻𝓼𝓱𝓲𝓹.

🎖️ 𝓗𝓸𝓷𝓸𝓻𝓮𝓭 𝔀𝓲𝓽𝓱 𝓽𝓱𝓮 𝓜𝓮𝓭𝓲𝓪 𝓛𝓮𝓪𝓭𝓮𝓻𝓼𝓱𝓲𝓹 𝓐𝔀𝓪𝓻𝓭 𝓫𝔂 𝓽𝓱𝓮 𝓯𝓸𝓻𝓶𝓮𝓻 𝓜𝓲𝓷𝓲𝓼𝓽𝓮𝓻 𝓸𝓯 𝓒𝓸𝓶𝓶𝓾𝓷𝓲𝓬𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷, 𝓜𝓸𝓱𝓪𝓶𝓮𝓭 𝓛𝓪â𝓰𝓪𝓫, 𝓪𝓷𝓭 𝓬𝓮𝓵𝓮𝓫𝓻𝓪𝓽𝓮𝓭 𝓪𝓽 𝓽𝓱𝓮 𝓗𝓲𝓵𝓪𝓵𝓼 𝓸𝓯 𝓽𝓱𝓮 𝓣𝓮𝓵𝓮𝓿𝓲𝓼𝓲𝓸𝓷 𝓪𝔀𝓪𝓻𝓭𝓼, 𝓓𝔃𝓪𝓲𝓻 𝓣𝓾𝓫𝓮 𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓲𝓷𝓾𝓮𝓼 𝓽𝓸 𝓵𝓮𝓪𝓭 𝔀𝓲𝓽𝓱 𝓲𝓷𝓷𝓸𝓿𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷, 𝓲𝓷𝓯𝓵𝓾𝓮𝓷𝓬𝓮, 𝓪𝓷𝓭 𝓲𝓶𝓹𝓪𝓬𝓽.

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