New French Law Reopens File of Cultural Heritage Looted from Former Colonies

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By: Dr. Hana Saada
New French Law Reopens File of Cultural Heritage Looted from Former Colonies

New French Law Reopens File of Cultural Heritage Looted from Former Colonies

โœ๏ธ ๐“‘๐”‚: ๐““๐“ป. ๐“—๐“ช๐“ท๐“ช ๐“ข๐“ช๐“ช๐“ญ๐“ช

๐“๐“ต๐“ฐ๐“ฒ๐“ฎ๐“ป๐“ผ โ€“ ๐“™๐“ช๐“ท๐“พ๐“ช๐“ป๐”‚ ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ” โ€“ France has reopened the sensitive chapter of its colonial past following the French Senateโ€™s unanimous adoption of a draft law aimed at facilitating the restitution of artworks and heritage artifacts to their countries of origin. The legislation, which will be referred to the National Assembly for final approval, marks a significant institutional acknowledgment of longstanding demands from former colonies.

 

This move comes in response to mounting pressure from several African states, foremost among them Algeria, which has repeatedly called for the recovery of items of profound historical and symbolic value. Among the most prominent claims are possessions belonging to Emir Abdelkader, which remain housed in French museums despite their central importance to Algeriaโ€™s national memory.

The proposed law seeks to dismantle the legal obstacles that have long hindered restitution efforts. It notably eliminates the requirement for a separate parliamentary vote for each individual object, a procedural constraint that had effectively stalled previous recovery initiatives. The scope of the law is limited to cultural property acquired between 1815 and 1972, a period encompassing the bulk of Franceโ€™s colonial expansion and domination.

While Paris has presented the legislation as a step toward โ€œhistorical reconciliation,โ€ criticism remains widespread. Observers point out that France continues to retain tens of thousands of looted artifacts, casting doubt on the depth and sincerity of this belated gesture. For many, particularly in Algeria, the law represents an overdue and partial response to a heavy and unresolved legacy, as Algiers persists in demanding the full restitution of all items tied to its national history and collective memory.

 

 

 

โ€” ๐„๐๐ƒ โ€”

๐Ÿ“ก๐ŸŒ | ๐“๐“ซ๐“ธ๐“พ๐“ฝ ๐““๐”ƒ๐“ช๐“ฒ๐“ป ๐“ฃ๐“พ๐“ซ๐“ฎ ๐“œ๐“ฎ๐“ญ๐“ฒ๐“ช ๐“–๐“ป๐“ธ๐“พ๐“น | ๐ŸŒ๐Ÿ“ก
โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”
๐Ÿ“ฐ ๐““๐”ƒ๐“ช๐“ฒ๐“ป ๐“ฃ๐“พ๐“ซ๐“ฎ ๐“ฒ๐“ผ ๐“ช ๐“ฝ๐“ป๐“ช๐“ฒ๐“ต๐“ซ๐“ต๐“ช๐”ƒ๐“ฎ๐“ป ๐“ฒ๐“ท ๐“๐“ต๐“ฐ๐“ฎ๐“ป๐“ฒ๐“ช๐“ท ๐“ญ๐“ฒ๐“ฐ๐“ฒ๐“ฝ๐“ช๐“ต ๐“ณ๐“ธ๐“พ๐“ป๐“ท๐“ช๐“ต๐“ฒ๐“ผ๐“ถ, ๐“ญ๐“ฎ๐“ต๐“ฒ๐“ฟ๐“ฎ๐“ป๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฐ ๐“ฑ๐“ฒ๐“ฐ๐“ฑ-๐“บ๐“พ๐“ช๐“ต๐“ฒ๐“ฝ๐”‚ ๐“ฌ๐“ธ๐“ท๐“ฝ๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ฝ ๐“ฒ๐“ท ๐“๐“ป๐“ช๐“ซ๐“ฒ๐“ฌ, ๐“•๐“ป๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ฌ๐“ฑ, ๐“ช๐“ท๐“ญ ๐“”๐“ท๐“ฐ๐“ต๐“ฒ๐“ผ๐“ฑ. ๐“ฆ๐“ฒ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ ๐“ถ๐“ธ๐“ป๐“ฎ ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ช๐“ท ๐Ÿ“ˆ 500,000 ๐“ญ๐“ช๐“ฒ๐“ต๐”‚ ๐“ฌ๐“ต๐“ฒ๐“ฌ๐“ด๐“ผ, ๐“ฒ๐“ฝ ๐“ป๐“ช๐“ท๐“ด๐“ผ ๐“ช๐“ถ๐“ธ๐“ท๐“ฐ ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ ๐“ถ๐“ธ๐“ผ๐“ฝ ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฏ๐“ต๐“พ๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ฝ๐“ฒ๐“ช๐“ต ๐“ถ๐“ฎ๐“ญ๐“ฒ๐“ช ๐“น๐“ต๐“ช๐“ฝ๐“ฏ๐“ธ๐“ป๐“ถ๐“ผ ๐“ฒ๐“ท ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ ๐“ฌ๐“ธ๐“พ๐“ท๐“ฝ๐“ป๐”‚.

๐Ÿ† ๐“๐”€๐“ช๐“ป๐“ญ๐“ฎ๐“ญ ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ ๐“Ÿ๐“ป๐“ฎ๐“ผ๐“ฒ๐“ญ๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ฝ ๐“ธ๐“ฏ ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ ๐“ก๐“ฎ๐“น๐“พ๐“ซ๐“ต๐“ฒ๐“ฌโ€™๐“ผ ๐“Ÿ๐“ป๐“ฒ๐”ƒ๐“ฎ ๐“ฏ๐“ธ๐“ป ๐“Ÿ๐“ป๐“ธ๐“ฏ๐“ฎ๐“ผ๐“ผ๐“ฒ๐“ธ๐“ท๐“ช๐“ต ๐“™๐“ธ๐“พ๐“ป๐“ท๐“ช๐“ต๐“ฒ๐“ผ๐“ฝ ๐“ฒ๐“ท ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ ๐“”๐“ต๐“ฎ๐“ฌ๐“ฝ๐“ป๐“ธ๐“ท๐“ฒ๐“ฌ ๐“Ÿ๐“ป๐“ฎ๐“ผ๐“ผ ๐“ฌ๐“ช๐“ฝ๐“ฎ๐“ฐ๐“ธ๐“ป๐”‚ (๐Ÿ—“ ๐“ž๐“ฌ๐“ฝ๐“ธ๐“ซ๐“ฎ๐“ป 22, 2022), ๐““๐”ƒ๐“ช๐“ฒ๐“ป ๐“ฃ๐“พ๐“ซ๐“ฎ ๐“ฒ๐“ผ ๐”€๐“ฒ๐“ญ๐“ฎ๐“ต๐”‚ ๐“ป๐“ฎ๐“ฌ๐“ธ๐“ฐ๐“ท๐“ฒ๐”ƒ๐“ฎ๐“ญ ๐“ฏ๐“ธ๐“ป ๐“ฒ๐“ฝ๐“ผ ๐“ฎ๐“ญ๐“ฒ๐“ฝ๐“ธ๐“ป๐“ฒ๐“ช๐“ต ๐“ฎ๐”๐“ฌ๐“ฎ๐“ต๐“ต๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ฌ๐“ฎ ๐“ช๐“ท๐“ญ ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฝ๐“ฎ๐“ฐ๐“ป๐“ฒ๐“ฝ๐”‚.

๐Ÿ“ฑ ๐“œ๐“ช๐“ผ๐“ผ๐“ฒ๐“ฟ๐“ฎ ๐““๐“ฒ๐“ฐ๐“ฒ๐“ฝ๐“ช๐“ต ๐“ก๐“ฎ๐“ช๐“ฌ๐“ฑ:
๐Ÿ”ด 600,000+ ๐“จ๐“ธ๐“พ๐“ฃ๐“พ๐“ซ๐“ฎ ๐“ผ๐“พ๐“ซ๐“ผ๐“ฌ๐“ป๐“ฒ๐“ซ๐“ฎ๐“ป๐“ผ
๐Ÿ”ต 6 ๐“ถ๐“ฒ๐“ต๐“ต๐“ฒ๐“ธ๐“ท+ ๐“ฏ๐“ธ๐“ต๐“ต๐“ธ๐”€๐“ฎ๐“ป๐“ผ ๐“ช๐“ฌ๐“ป๐“ธ๐“ผ๐“ผ ๐“•๐“ช๐“ฌ๐“ฎ๐“ซ๐“ธ๐“ธ๐“ด ๐“น๐“ช๐“ฐ๐“ฎ๐“ผ
๐Ÿ“ธ 70,000+ ๐“˜๐“ท๐“ผ๐“ฝ๐“ช๐“ฐ๐“ป๐“ช๐“ถ ๐“ฏ๐“ธ๐“ต๐“ต๐“ธ๐”€๐“ฎ๐“ป๐“ผ

๐ŸŽฅ ๐“ž๐“น๐“ฎ๐“ป๐“ช๐“ฝ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฐ ๐“ฏ๐“ป๐“ธ๐“ถ ๐“ผ๐“ฝ๐“ช๐“ฝ๐“ฎ-๐“ธ๐“ฏ-๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ-๐“ช๐“ป๐“ฝ ๐“ผ๐“ฝ๐“พ๐“ญ๐“ฒ๐“ธ๐“ผ, ๐““๐”ƒ๐“ช๐“ฒ๐“ป ๐“ฃ๐“พ๐“ซ๐“ฎ ๐“ซ๐“ป๐“ธ๐“ช๐“ญ๐“ฌ๐“ช๐“ผ๐“ฝ๐“ผ ๐“ป๐“ฒ๐“ฌ๐“ฑ ๐“ช๐“ท๐“ญ ๐“ญ๐“ฒ๐“ฟ๐“ฎ๐“ป๐“ผ๐“ฎ ๐“น๐“ป๐“ธ๐“ฐ๐“ป๐“ช๐“ถ๐“ถ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฐ, ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฌ๐“ต๐“พ๐“ญ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฐ:
๐Ÿ—ž ๐“๐“ฎ๐”€๐“ผ | โšฝ ๐“ข๐“น๐“ธ๐“ป๐“ฝ๐“ผ | ๐ŸŽญ ๐“”๐“ท๐“ฝ๐“ฎ๐“ป๐“ฝ๐“ช๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ถ๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ฝ | ๐Ÿ•Œ ๐“ก๐“ฎ๐“ต๐“ฒ๐“ฐ๐“ฒ๐“ธ๐“ท | ๐ŸŽจ ๐“’๐“พ๐“ต๐“ฝ๐“พ๐“ป๐“ฎ

๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ ๐“•๐“ฎ๐“ช๐“ฝ๐“พ๐“ป๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฐ ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฝ๐“ฎ๐“ป๐“ช๐“ฌ๐“ฝ๐“ฒ๐“ฟ๐“ฎ ๐“ฝ๐“ช๐“ต๐“ด ๐“ผ๐“ฑ๐“ธ๐”€๐“ผ ๐“ช๐“ท๐“ญ ๐“ฎ๐”๐“ฌ๐“ต๐“พ๐“ผ๐“ฒ๐“ฟ๐“ฎ ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฝ๐“ฎ๐“ป๐“ฟ๐“ฒ๐“ฎ๐”€๐“ผ ๐”€๐“ฒ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ ๐“น๐“ป๐“ธ๐“ถ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ฝ ๐“ฏ๐“ฒ๐“ฐ๐“พ๐“ป๐“ฎ๐“ผ ๐“ฏ๐“ป๐“ธ๐“ถ ๐“น๐“ธ๐“ต๐“ฒ๐“ฝ๐“ฒ๐“ฌ๐“ผ, ๐“ซ๐“พ๐“ผ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฎ๐“ผ๐“ผ, ๐“ช๐“ป๐“ฝ๐“ผ, ๐“ช๐“ท๐“ญ ๐“ถ๐“ธ๐“ป๐“ฎ, ๐““๐”ƒ๐“ช๐“ฒ๐“ป ๐“ฃ๐“พ๐“ซ๐“ฎ ๐“ผ๐“ฎ๐“ป๐“ฟ๐“ฎ๐“ผ ๐“ช๐“ผ ๐“ช ๐“ด๐“ฎ๐”‚ ๐“น๐“ต๐“ช๐“ฝ๐“ฏ๐“ธ๐“ป๐“ถ ๐“ฏ๐“ธ๐“ป ๐“น๐“พ๐“ซ๐“ต๐“ฒ๐“ฌ ๐“ญ๐“ฒ๐“ผ๐“ฌ๐“ธ๐“พ๐“ป๐“ผ๐“ฎ ๐“ช๐“ท๐“ญ ๐“ฌ๐“ฒ๐“ฟ๐“ฒ๐“ฌ ๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ฐ๐“ช๐“ฐ๐“ฎ๐“ถ๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ฝ.

๐Ÿ“ฐ ๐“˜๐“ฝ๐“ผ ๐“น๐“ป๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฝ ๐“ผ๐“น๐“ธ๐“ป๐“ฝ๐“ผ ๐“ญ๐“ช๐“ฒ๐“ต๐”‚, โ€œ๐““๐”ƒ๐“ช๐“ฒ๐“ป ๐“ข๐“น๐“ธ๐“ป๐“ฝ,โ€ ๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ณ๐“ธ๐”‚๐“ผ ๐“ธ๐“ฟ๐“ฎ๐“ป 50,000 ๐“ญ๐“ช๐“ฒ๐“ต๐”‚ ๐“ญ๐“ธ๐”€๐“ท๐“ต๐“ธ๐“ช๐“ญ๐“ผ ๐“ฟ๐“ฒ๐“ช ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ ๐“ธ๐“ฏ๐“ฏ๐“ฒ๐“ฌ๐“ฒ๐“ช๐“ต ๐”€๐“ฎ๐“ซ๐“ผ๐“ฒ๐“ฝ๐“ฎโ€”๐“ฏ๐“พ๐“ป๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ๐“ป ๐“ฌ๐“ฎ๐“ถ๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ฝ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฐ ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ ๐“น๐“ต๐“ช๐“ฝ๐“ฏ๐“ธ๐“ป๐“ถโ€™๐“ผ ๐“ถ๐“พ๐“ต๐“ฝ๐“ฒ๐“ถ๐“ฎ๐“ญ๐“ฒ๐“ช ๐“ต๐“ฎ๐“ช๐“ญ๐“ฎ๐“ป๐“ผ๐“ฑ๐“ฒ๐“น.

๐ŸŽ–๏ธ ๐“—๐“ธ๐“ท๐“ธ๐“ป๐“ฎ๐“ญ ๐”€๐“ฒ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ ๐“œ๐“ฎ๐“ญ๐“ฒ๐“ช ๐“›๐“ฎ๐“ช๐“ญ๐“ฎ๐“ป๐“ผ๐“ฑ๐“ฒ๐“น ๐“๐”€๐“ช๐“ป๐“ญ ๐“ซ๐”‚ ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ ๐“ฏ๐“ธ๐“ป๐“ถ๐“ฎ๐“ป ๐“œ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฒ๐“ผ๐“ฝ๐“ฎ๐“ป ๐“ธ๐“ฏ ๐“’๐“ธ๐“ถ๐“ถ๐“พ๐“ท๐“ฒ๐“ฌ๐“ช๐“ฝ๐“ฒ๐“ธ๐“ท, ๐“œ๐“ธ๐“ฑ๐“ช๐“ถ๐“ฎ๐“ญ ๐“›๐“ชรข๐“ฐ๐“ช๐“ซ, ๐“ช๐“ท๐“ญ ๐“ฌ๐“ฎ๐“ต๐“ฎ๐“ซ๐“ป๐“ช๐“ฝ๐“ฎ๐“ญ ๐“ช๐“ฝ ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ ๐“—๐“ฒ๐“ต๐“ช๐“ต๐“ผ ๐“ธ๐“ฏ ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ๐“ฎ ๐“ฃ๐“ฎ๐“ต๐“ฎ๐“ฟ๐“ฒ๐“ผ๐“ฒ๐“ธ๐“ท ๐“ช๐”€๐“ช๐“ป๐“ญ๐“ผ, ๐““๐”ƒ๐“ช๐“ฒ๐“ป ๐“ฃ๐“พ๐“ซ๐“ฎ ๐“ฌ๐“ธ๐“ท๐“ฝ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“พ๐“ฎ๐“ผ ๐“ฝ๐“ธ ๐“ต๐“ฎ๐“ช๐“ญ ๐”€๐“ฒ๐“ฝ๐“ฑ ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ท๐“ธ๐“ฟ๐“ช๐“ฝ๐“ฒ๐“ธ๐“ท, ๐“ฒ๐“ท๐“ฏ๐“ต๐“พ๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ฌ๐“ฎ, ๐“ช๐“ท๐“ญ ๐“ฒ๐“ถ๐“น๐“ช๐“ฌ๐“ฝ.

โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”
๐ŸŒ ๐“ข๐“ฝ๐“ช๐”‚ ๐“’๐“ธ๐“ท๐“ท๐“ฎ๐“ฌ๐“ฝ๐“ฎ๐“ญ:
๐Ÿ”— ๐“ฆ๐“ฎ๐“ซ๐“ผ๐“ฒ๐“ฝ๐“ฎ:ย www.dzair-tube.dz
๐Ÿ”— ๐“”๐“ท๐“ฐ๐“ต๐“ฒ๐“ผ๐“ฑ:ย www.dzair-tube.dz/en
๐Ÿ“ฒ ๐“•๐“ธ๐“ต๐“ต๐“ธ๐”€ ๐“พ๐“ผ ๐“ธ๐“ท ๐“•๐“ช๐“ฌ๐“ฎ๐“ซ๐“ธ๐“ธ๐“ด | ๐“˜๐“ท๐“ผ๐“ฝ๐“ช๐“ฐ๐“ป๐“ช๐“ถ | ๐“จ๐“ธ๐“พ๐“ฃ๐“พ๐“ซ๐“ฎ
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